What's a politic way...
...to accuse my boss of intentionally shafting me?
Short answer: There isn't one.
I had a corporate job only a few years, but this generalizes to all human interactions: Don't start with basically assuming motive.
Someone in the discussion suggested "Maybe she's saying his name first because he's new and it helps people learn the name." Someone else suggested it may be how teams are credited typically in that company: They give the credit to the "face" of the team but everyone knows someone else did much or all of the work.
This is a situation where one should probably either take a wait and see approach and try to figure out what's going on or ASK (probably privately) why it's done that way.
I would most likely just keep observing until I felt clear what was going on. That's the only sane way to deal with a situation where you FEEL your BOSS is shafting you.
If your boss is, in fact, shafting you, you want your ducks in a row before either leveling accusations via HR or job hunting or (some other remedy for a truly big, big problem). If your boss is not, in fact, shafting you, it will not enhance your career to level unfounded accusations.
Sometimes people have thought long and hard about HOW to handle x and have a really good reason to do it that way. And it would be tough to very briefly get you up to speed on short notice because you asked an awkward question and wanted a reply "live" right now.
See, for example, my piece It Seems My Silence Was Heard where I explain my counterintuitive choice to try to avoid making my pronouns into an issue on an overwhelmingly male forum in spite of my gender clearly being an issue. No, I couldn't have answered that verbally in two sentences if someone had buttonholed me about it.
Also, much like not everything is about you online, not everything is about you at the office. You aren't the only person in the meeting. People in charge need to make decisions about how to best communicate to the group as a whole.
Last, although it's possible she has a reason -- maybe even a really good reason -- why she did it that way, that doesn't mean she's thought of EVERYTHING.
There may be room for trying to improve on how this is handled at work but try to bring solutions, not complaints. Especially where the point is you, your ego and your career where there is a huge risk of it being interpreted as not a best practice for the company or for the world trying to effectively incorporate women into certain male dominated spaces, but as you using an assumption of sexism to your advantage whether it's really founded or not.